Sheepshead fish freshwater6/19/2023 The freshwater drum was described in 1819 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783‒1840). Additionally, fishes recovered from digs at archaeological sites of the Red River Caddo (dated from AD 1050 to 1750) included freshwater drums. One of the first reports of a freshwater drum in North America was in 1774 by the ethnographer, historian, and naturalist Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz (1695–1775) in his 1758 History of Louisiana, where he reported “burgobreaker” (freshwater drum) that fed on mollusks by crushing them with their pharyngeal teeth. grunniens several colloquial names, including gaspergou (in Louisiana), grunter, and sheepshead. Commercial fishermen as well as anglers have given A. For example, drumming sounds become more frequent and longer as breeding reaches its peak and they gradually diminish through the summer and completely cease in late August. Although the purpose of the grunting has yet to be proven, only mature males make the sound, so it is assumed to be linked to spawning activities. This fish was given its name because of the loud, booming croaks that mature males (at least three years old) make by contracting muscles along their air bladder walls. The black drum ( Pogonias cromis), which occurs in the western Atlantic Ocean, is a sister taxon. grunniens are a group of marine genera including the spotfin croaker ( Roncador) and red drum ( Sciaenops). grunniens occurs throughout the state but mainly is found in the larger lakes and rivers. This fish appears to have the greatest latitudinal range of any freshwater fish in North America. In the United States, eastward distribution includes the eastern Appalachians westward as far as Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Freshwater drum are endemic to freshwater environs of the Americas, and their distributional range extends as far north as the Hudson Bay of Canada and reaches as far south as the Usumacinta River Basin of Guatemala. The freshwater drum ( Aplodinotus grunniens) belongs to the order Perciformes and family Sciaenidae it is the only freshwater member of the family.
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